Supported Functions

Temml is a JavaScript library that converts TeX math-mode functions to MathML. This page lists the TeX functions it supports, sorted into logical groups.

There is a similar Support Table, sorted alphabetically, that lists both supported and some un-supported functions.

Accents

$f^{'}$ `f'`	$\tilde{a}$ `\tilde{a}`	$\tilde{a c}$ `\widetilde{ac}`
$f^{''}$ `f''`	$\vec{F}$ `\vec{F}`	$\underset{~}{A B}$ `\utilde{AB}`
$f^{'}$ `f^{\prime}`	$\overset{\leftarrow}{A B}$ `\overleftarrow{AB}`	$\vec{A B C}$ `\overrightarrow{ABC}`
$\overset{ˊ}{a}$ `\acute{a}`	$\underset{\leftarrow}{A B}$ `\underleftarrow{AB}`	$\underset{\to}{A B}$ `\underrightarrow{AB}`
$\overline{y}$ `\bar{y}`	$A B$ `\overline{AB}`	$\overset{\Rightarrow}{A B}$ `\Overrightarrow{AB}`
$\overset{˘}{a}$ `\breve{a}`	$A B$ `\underline{AB}`	$\overset{\leftrightarrow}{A B}$ `\overleftrightarrow{AB}`
$\overset{ˇ}{a}$ `\check{a}`	$\overset{ˇ}{a c}$ `\widecheck{ac}`	$\underset{\leftrightarrow}{A B}$ `\underleftrightarrow{AB}`
$\dot{a}$ `\dot{a}`	$\overset{↼}{a c}$ `\overleftharpoon{ac}`	$\overset{⇀}{a c}$ `\overrightharpoon{ac}`
$\ddot{a}$ `\ddot{a}`	$\overset{⏠}{A B}$ `\overgroup{AB}`	$\overset{⏜}{A B}$ `\wideparen{AB}`
$\overset{\dots}{a}$ `\dddot{a}`	$\underset{⏡}{A B}$ `\undergroup{AB}`	$\overset{⏜}{A B}$ `\overparen{AB}`
$\overset{\dots.}{a}$ `\ddddot{a}`	$X$ `\underbar{X}`	$\underset{⏝}{A B}$ `\underparen{AB}`
$\overset{`}{a}$ `\grave{a}`	$\overset{˚}{g}$ `\mathring{g}`	$\overset{⏞}{A B}$ `\overbrace{AB}`
$\hat{θ}$ `\hat{\theta}`	$\hat{a c}$ `\widehat{ac}`	$\underset{⏟}{A B}$ `\underbrace{AB}`
$f^{″}$ `f^{\dprime}`	$f^{‴}$ `f^{\trprime}`	$f^{⁗}$ `f^{\qprime}`
$σ^{‵}$ `\sigma^{\backprime}`	$σ^{‶}$ `\sigma^{\backdprime}`	$σ^{‷}$ `\sigma^{\backtrprime}`

Accent functions inside \text{…}

$\overset{ˊ}{a}$ `\'{a}`	$\tilde{a}$ `\~{a}`	$\dot{a}$ `\.{a}`	$\overset{˝}{a}$ `\H{a}`
$\overset{ˋ}{a}$ \`{a}	$\overset{ˉ}{a}$ `\={a}`	$\ddot{a}$ `\"{a}`	$\overset{ˇ}{a}$ `\v{a}`
$\hat{a}$ `\^{a}`	$\overset{˘}{a}$ `\u{a}`	$\overset{˚}{a}$ `\r{a}`	$\underset{¸}{c}$ `\c{c}`

Annotation

$5$ `\cancel{5}`	$\overset{note}{\overset{⏞}{a + b + c}}$ `\overbrace{a+b+c}^{\text{note}}`
$5$ `\bcancel{5}`	$\underset{note}{\underset{⏟}{a + b + c}}$ `\underbrace{a+b+c}_{\text{note}}`
$A B C$ `\xcancel{ABC}`	$π = \frac{c}{d}$ `\boxed{\pi=\frac c d}`
$a b c$ `\sout{abc}`
`\ref{tag1}`
$\begin{matrix} x + y^{2 x} & (hi) \end{matrix}$	`\tag{hi} x+y^{2x} \label{tag1}`
$\begin{matrix} x + y^{2 x} & bye \end{matrix}$	`\tag*{bye} x+y^{2x}`

Also some environments have automatic equation numbering.

A \label{…} may be placed anywhere and will create an HTML id matching the \label{…} argument. That argument may contain only the characters A-Za-z0-9_-.

On sites where Temml fields are updated dynamically, \ref{…} may not be supported. Other Temml functions update only the local field. \ref{…} must make two passes through the entire document. Some sites may choose not to do this.

Color

$F = m a$ `{\color{blue} F=ma}`	$F = m a$ `{\color[RGB]{255,0,255} F=ma}`
$F = m a$ `\textcolor{blue}{F=ma}`	$F = m a$ `{\color[rgb]{1,0,1} F=ma}`
$F = m a$ `\textcolor{#228B22}{F=ma}`	$F = m a$ `{\color[HTML]{ff00ff} F=ma}`
$A$ `\colorbox{aqua}{A}`	`\definecolor{sortaGreen}{RGB}{128,128,0}` $F = m a$ `{\color{sortaGreen} F=ma}`
$A$ `\fcolorbox{red}{aqua}{A}`

\definecolor functions can be included in a preamble. If so, their color definitions will have document-wide scope.

Color functions can all take an optional argument to set the color model, as in the xcolor package. (Exception: \definecolor’s model argument is required.) Temml supports color models HTML, RGB, and rgb.

If the color model is omitted, Temml color functions will accept:

#rrggbb, #rgb, or rrggbb.
A color name previously created by \definecolor.
Any of the standard HTML predefined color names.
Any color from the following xcolor table.

Apricot	ForestGreen	olive	RoyalPurple
Aquamarine	Fuchsia	OliveGreen	RubineRed
Bittersweet	Goldenrod	orange	Salmon
blue	gray	Orange	SeaGreen
Blue	Gray	OrangeRed	Sepia
BlueGreen	green	Orchid	SkyBlue
BlueViolet	Green	Peach	SpringGreen
BrickRed	GreenYellow	Periwinkle	Tan
brown	JungleGreen	PineGreen	teal
Brown	Lavender	pink	TealBlue
BurntOrange	lightgray	Plum	Thistle
CadetBlue	lime	ProcessBlue	Turquoise
CarnationPink	LimeGreen	purple	violet
Cerulean	magenta	Purple	Violet
CornflowerBlue	Magenta	RawSienna	VioletRed
cyan	Mahogany	red	WildStrawberry
Cyan	Maroon	Red	yellow
Dandelion	Melon	RedOrange	Yellow
darkgray	MidnightBlue	RedViolet	YellowGreen
DarkOrchid	Mulberry	Rhodamine	YellowOrange
Emerald	NavyBlue	RoyalBlue

Delimiters

$()$ `( )`	$()$ `\lparen` `\rparen`	$⌈ ⌉$ `⌈ ⌉`	$⌈ ⌉$ `\lceil` `\rceil`	$↑$ `\uparrow`
$[]$ `[ ]`	$[]$ `\lbrack` `\rbrack`	$⌊ ⌋$ `⌊ ⌋`	$⌊ ⌋$ `\lfloor` `\rfloor`	$↓$ `\downarrow`
${}$ `\{ \}`	${}$ `\lbrace` `\rbrace`	$⎰ ⎱$ `⎰⎱`	$⎰ ⎱$ `\lmoustache` `\rmoustache`	$↕$ `\updownarrow`
$⟨ ⟩$ `⟨ ⟩`	$⟨ ⟩$ `\langle` `\rangle`	$⟮ ⟯$ `⟮ ⟯`	$⟮ ⟯$ `\lgroup` `\rgroup`	$⇑$ `\Uparrow`
$< >$ `\lt` `\gt`	$⟪ ⟫$ `\lAngle` `\rAngle`	$┌ ┐$ `┌ ┐`	$⌜ ⌝$ `\ulcorner` `\urcorner`	$⇓$ `\Downarrow`
$\|$ `\|`	$\|$ `\vert`	$└ ┘$ `└ ┘`	$⌞ ⌟$ `\llcorner` `\lrcorner`	$⇕$ `\Updownarrow`
$‖$ `\\|`	$‖$ `\Vert`	`\left.`	`\right.`	$\$ `\backslash`
$\| \|$ `\lvert` `\rvert`	$‖ ‖$ `\lVert` `\rVert`	$⟦ ⟧$ `⟦ ⟧`	$⟦ ⟧$ `\llbracket` `\rrbracket`	$⦃ ⦄$ `\lBrace \rBrace`
			$⦇ ⦈$ `\llparenthesis` `\rrparenthesis`	$⦉ ⦊$ `\llangle \rrangle`

The texvc extension includes $⟨$ \lang and $⟩$ \rang.

Delimiter Sizing

$(A B)$ \left(\LARGE{AB}\right)

$((((($ ( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg(

`\left`	`\big`	`\bigl`	`\bigm`	`\bigr`
`\middle`	`\Big`	`\Bigl`	`\Bigm`	`\Bigr`
`\right`	`\bigg`	`\biggl`	`\biggm`	`\biggr`
	`\Bigg`	`\Biggl`	`\Biggm`	`\Biggr`

Environments

$\begin{array}{cc} a & b \\ c & d \end{array}$	`\begin{matrix}` `a & b \\` `c & d` `\end{matrix}`	$\begin{array}{cc} a & b \\ c & d \end{array}$	`\begin{array}{cc}` `a & b \\` `c & d` `\end{array}`
$(\begin{array}{cc} a & b \\ c & d \end{array})$	`\begin{pmatrix}` `a & b \\` `c & d` `\end{pmatrix}`	$[\begin{array}{cc} a & b \\ c & d \end{array}]$	`\begin{bmatrix}` `a & b \\` `c & d` `\end{bmatrix}`
$\| \begin{array}{cc} a & b \\ c & d \end{array} \|$	`\begin{vmatrix}` `a & b \\` `c & d` `\end{vmatrix}`	$‖ \begin{array}{cc} a & b \\ c & d \end{array} ‖$	`\begin{Vmatrix}` `a & b \\` `c & d` `\end{Vmatrix}`
${\begin{array}{cc} a & b \\ c & d \end{array}}$	`\begin{Bmatrix}` `a & b \\` `c & d` `\end{Bmatrix}`	$\begin{array}{ccc} a & b & c \\ d & e & f \\ g & h & i \end{array}$	`\begin{array}{c\|c:c}` `a & b & c \\ \hline` `d & e & f \\` `\hdashline` `g & h & i` `\end{array}`
$x = {\begin{matrix} a & if b \\ c & if d \end{matrix}$	`x = \begin{cases}` `a &\text{if } b \\` `c &\text{if } d` `\end{cases}`	$\begin{matrix} a & if b \\ c & if d \end{matrix}} \Rightarrow$	`\begin{rcases}` `a &\text{if } b \\` `c &\text{if } d` `\end{rcases}⇒`
$\begin{matrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{matrix}$	`\begin{smallmatrix}` `a & b \\` `c & d` `\end{smallmatrix}`	$\sum_{\begin{array}{l} i \in Λ \\ 0 < j < n \end{array}}$	`\sum_{\begin{subarray}{l}` `i\in\Lambda\\` `0<j<n` `\end{subarray}}`

AMS Environments

The auto-render extension will render the following environments even if they are not inside math delimiters such as $$…$$. They are display-mode only.

$\begin{array}{lcr} \begin{aligned} a & = b + c \\ = e + f \end{aligned} \end{array}$	`\begin{equation}` `\begin{split}` `a &=b+c\\` `&=e+f` `\end{split}` `\end{equation}`	$\begin{array}{lrlr} a & = b + c \\ d + e & = f \end{array}$	`\begin{align}` `a&=b+c \\` `d+e&=f` `\end{align}`
$\begin{array}{lcr} a = b \\ e = b + c \end{array}$	`\begin{gather}` `a=b \\` `e=b+c` `\end{gather}`	$\begin{array}{lrlrlr} 10 & x + & 3 & y = 2 \\ 3 & x + & 13 & y = 4 \end{array}$	`\begin{alignat}{2}` `10&x+ &3&y = 2 \\` `3&x+&13&y = 4` `\end{alignat}`
$\begin{matrix} A & \overset{\overset{}{a}}{\to} & B \\ b ↓ & ↑ c \\ C & \overset{}{=} & D \end{matrix}$	`\begin{CD}` `A @>a>> B \\` `@VbVV @AAcA \\` `C @= D` `\end{CD}`	$\begin{array}{lcr} uno \\ dos \\ tres \end{array}$	`\begin{multline}` `\rm uno \\` `\rm dos \\` `\rm tres` `\end{multline}`

Other Temml Environments

Environments	How they differ from those shown above
`darray`, `dcases`, `drcases`	… apply `displaystyle`
`matrix`, `pmatrix`, `bmatrix` `Bmatrix`, `vmatrix`, `Vmatrix`	… take an optional argument that sets column alignment, as in `\begin{matrix*}[r]`
`equation`, `gather` `align`, `alignat`	… have no automatic numbering.
`gathered`, `aligned`, `alignedat`	… do not need to be in display mode. … have no automatic numbering. … must be inside math delimiters in order to be rendered by the auto-render extension.

Acceptable horizontal line separators are: \\ and \cr.

Temml supports \tag{…}, \notag, and \nonumber to modify equation numbering.

The {array} environment does not yet support \cline or \multicolumn.

HTML

The following "raw HTML" features are potentially dangerous for untrusted inputs, so they are disabled by default, and attempting to use them produces the command names in red (which you can configure via the errorColor option). To fully trust your LaTeX input, you need to pass an option of trust: true; you can also enable just some of the commands or for just some URLs via the trust option.

$T E M M L$	`\href{https://temml.org/}{\Temml}`
$𝚑𝚝𝚝𝚙𝚜://𝚝𝚎𝚖𝚖𝚕.𝚘𝚛𝚐/$	`\url{https://temml.org/}`
	`\includegraphics[height=1em,` `totalheight=1.2em,width=1.2em, alt=sphere]` `{../sphere.jpg}`
$x$	`\id{idName}{x}`
$x$	`\class{class-name}{x}`
$x$	`\style{color: red;}{x}`
$x$	`\data{datum1=a, datum2=b}{x}`

Letters

Greek Letters

$Α$ `\Alpha`	$Β$ `\Beta`	$Γ$ `\Gamma`	$Δ$ `\Delta`	$Ε$ `\Epsilon`
$Ζ$ `\Zeta`	$Η$ `\Eta`	$Θ$ `\Theta`	$Ι$ `\Iota`	$Κ$ `\Kappa`
$Λ$ `\Lambda`	$Μ$ `\Mu`	$Ν$ `\Nu`	$Ξ$ `\Xi`	$Ο$ `\Omicron`
$Π$ `\Pi`	$Ρ$ `\Rho`	$Σ$ `\Sigma`	$Τ$ `\Tau`	$Υ$ `\Upsilon`
$Φ$ `\Phi`	$Χ$ `\Chi`	$Ψ$ `\Psi`	$Ω$ `\Omega`	$𝛤$ `\varGamma`
$𝛥$ `\varDelta`	$𝛩$ `\varTheta`	$𝛬$ `\varLambda`	$𝛯$ `\varXi`	$𝛱$ `\varPi`
$𝛴$ `\varSigma`	$𝛶$ `\varUpsilon`	$𝛷$ `\varPhi`	$𝛹$ `\varPsi`	$𝛺$ `\varOmega`
$α$ `\alpha`	$β$ `\beta`	$γ$ `\gamma`	$δ$ `\delta`	$ϵ$ `\epsilon`
$ζ$ `\zeta`	$η$ `\eta`	$θ$ `\theta`	$ι$ `\iota`	$κ$ `\kappa`
$λ$ `\lambda`	$μ$ `\mu`	$ν$ `\nu`	$ξ$ `\xi`	$ο$ `\omicron`
$π$ `\pi`	$ρ$ `\rho`	$σ$ `\sigma`	$τ$ `\tau`	$υ$ `\upsilon`
$ϕ$ `\phi`	$χ$ `\chi`	$ψ$ `\psi`	$ω$ `\omega`
$α$ `\upalpha`	$β$ `\upbeta`	$γ$ `\upgamma`	$δ$ `\updelta`	$ϵ$ `\upepsilon`
$ζ$ `\upzeta`	$η$ `\upeta`	$θ$ `\uptheta`	$ι$ `\upiota`	$κ$ `\upkappa`
$λ$ `\uplambda`	$μ$ `\upmu`	$ν$ `\upnu`	$ξ$ `\upxi`	$ο$ `\upomicron`
$π$ `\uppi`	$ρ$ `\uprho`	$σ$ `\upsigma`	$τ$ `\uptau`	$υ$ `\upupsilon`
$ϕ$ `\upphi`	$χ$ `\upchi`	$ψ$ `\uppsi`	$ω$ `\upomega`
$ε$ `\varepsilon`	$ϰ$ `\varkappa`	$ϑ$ `\vartheta`	$ϖ$ `\varpi`	$ϱ$ `\varrho`
$ς$ `\varsigma`	$φ$ `\varphi`	$Ϙ$ `\Coppa`	$ϙ$ `\coppa`	$Ϟ$ `\Koppa`
$ϟ$ `\koppa`	$Ϡ$ `\Sampi`	$ϡ$ `\sampi`	$Ϛ$ `\Stigma`	$ϛ$ `\stigma`
$ϝ$ `\digamma`	$ϙ$ `\varcoppa`

Direct Input: Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω α β γ δ ϵ ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ o π ρ σ τ υ ϕ χ ψ ω ε ϑ ϖ ϱ ς φ ϝ

Other Letters

$ℵ$ `\aleph`	$\nabla$ `\nabla`	$ı$ `\imath`	$\overset{˚}{a}$ `\text{\aa}`	$Œ$ `\text{\OE}`
$ℶ$ `\beth`	$\partial$ `\partial`	$ȷ$ `\jmath`	$Å$ `\text{\AA}`	$ø$ `\text{\o}`
$ℷ$ `\gimel`	$⅁$ `\Game`	$ℑ$ `\Im`	$Å$ `\Angstrom`	$Ø$ `\text{\O}`
$ℸ$ `\daleth`	$Ⅎ$ `\Finv`	$𝕜$ `\Bbbk`	$æ$ `\text{\ae}`	$ß$ `\text{\ss}`
$ð$ `\eth`	$ℏ$ `\hbar`	$ℜ$ `\Re`	$Æ$ `\text{\AE}`	$ı$ `\text{\i}`
$ℓ$ `\ell`	$ℏ$ `\hslash`	$℘$ `\wp`	$œ$ `\text{\oe}`	$ȷ$ `\text{\j}`

Letters in the texvc extension

$ℵ$ `\alef`	$ℂ$ `\Complex`	$ℕ$ `\natnums`	$ℜ$ `\real`	$℘$ `\weierp`
$ℵ$ `\alefsym`	$ℑ$ `\image`	$ℝ$ `\R`	$ℝ$ `\reals`	$ϑ$ `\thetasym`
$ℂ$ `\cnums`	$ℕ$ `\N`	$ℝ$ `\Reals`		$ℤ$ `\Z`

Direct Input: ∂ ∇ ℑ Ⅎ ℵ ℶ ℷ ℸ ⅁ ℏ ð À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß à á â ã ä å ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ð ñ ò ó ô ö ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ ₊ ₋ ₌ ₍ ₎ ₀ ₁ ₂ ₃ ₄ ₅ ₆ ₇ ₈ ₉ ₐ ₑ ₕ ᵢ ⱼ ₖ ₗ ₘ ₙ ₒ ₚ ᵣ ₛ ₜ ᵤ ᵥ ₓ ᵦ ᵧ ᵨ ᵩ ᵪ ⁺ ⁻ ⁼ ⁽ ⁾ ⁰ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ᵃ ᵇ ᶜ ᵈ ᵉ ᵍ ʰ ⁱ ʲ ᵏ ˡ ᵐ ⁿ ᵒ ᵖ ʳ ˢ ᵗ ᵘ ʷ ˣ ʸ ᶻ ᵛ ᵝ ᵞ ᵟ ᵠ ᵡ

Math-mode Unicode (sub|super)script characters will render as if you had written regular characters in a subscript or superscript. For instance, A²⁺³ will render the same as A^{2+3}.

Unicode Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols

Item	Range	Item	Range
Bold	$𝐀-𝐙 𝐚-𝐳 𝟎-𝟗$	Double-struck	$𝔸-ℤ 𝕒-𝕫 𝟘-𝟡$
Italic	$𝐴-𝑍 𝑎-𝑧$	Sans serif	$𝖠-𝖹 𝖺-𝗓 𝟢-𝟫$
Bold Italic	$𝑨-𝒁 𝒂-𝒛$	Sans serif bold	$𝗔-𝗭 𝗮-𝘇 𝟬-𝟵$
Monospace	$𝙰-𝚉 𝚊-𝚣 𝟶-𝟿$	Sans serif italic	$𝘈-𝘡 𝘢-𝘻$
Script	$𝒜 - 𝒵 𝒶 - 𝓏$	Sans serif bold italic	$𝘼-𝙕 𝙖-𝙯$
Fraktur	$𝔄-ℨ 𝔞-𝔷$	Bold Fraktur	$𝕬-𝖅 𝖆-𝖟$

There are two methods that will render any Unicode charater:

Use the \char function and the Unicode code in hex. For example \char"263a will render as $☺$ .
Write the character inside \text{…}. For example, \text{☺} will render as $☺$ .

More about Unicode script…

The Unicode range U+1D49C - U+1D4B5, Mathematical Script, has been ambiguous. Some fonts put chancery glyphs ( $𝒜 ℬ 𝒞$ ) at those code points and some fonts use roundhand glyphs ( $𝒜 ℬ 𝒞$ ). Temml’s default for code points in this range is chancery, which matches the fonts Cambria Math and STIX TWO. It also matches the TeX function \mathcal{…}.

Per Unicode 14+, Temml will return a roundhand glyph if you append a \ufe01 to a character in the range $𝒜 - 𝒵$ .

Layout

Line Breaks

Hard line breaks are \\ and \newline.

Temml inserts soft line breaks per TeXbook p. 173 if not in display mode and no hard line breaks are employed. They work in Chromium and Firefox, but not in Safari.

Reflect

$\frac{a}{b}$ \reflectbox{$\frac a b$}

Vertical Layout

$x_{n}$ `x_n`	$\overset{!}{=}$ `\stackrel{!}{=}`	$a b c$ `a\raisebox{0.25em}{b}c`
$e^{x}$ `e^x`	$\overset{!}{=}$ `\overset{!}{=}`	$M M^{2} M$ `M\raise3pt{M^2}M`
$_{u}^{o}$ `_u^o`	$\underset{!}{=}$ `\underset{!}{=}`	$M M^{2} M$ `M\lower3pt{M^2}M`
	$\binom{a}{b}$ `a \atop b`

$\sum_{\begin{array}{c} 0 < i < m \\ 0 < j < n \end{array}}$

\sum_{\substack{0<i<m\\0<j<n}}

LaTeX puts the second argument of \raisebox into text mode, but it can contain math if the math is nested within $…$ delimiters, as in \raisebox{0.25em}{$\frac a b$}

Overlap and Spacing

$= /$ `{=}\mathllap{/\,}`	$(x^{2})$ `\left(x^{\smash{2}}\right)`
$/ =$ `\mathrlap{\,/}{=}`	$\sqrt{y}$ `\sqrt{\smash[b]{y}}`

$\sum_{1 \leq i \leq j \leq n} x_{i j}$

\sum_{\mathclap{1\le i\le j\le n}} x_{ij}

Temml also supports \llap, \rlap, and \clap. They work only in text mode if the rendering options include strict: true.

Spacing

Function	Produces	Function	Produces
`\,`	³∕₁₈ em space	`\kern{distance}`	space, width = distance
`\thinspace`	³∕₁₈ em space	`\mkern{distance}`	space, width = distance
`\>`	⁴∕₁₈ em space	`\mskip{distance}`	space, width = distance
`\:`	⁴∕₁₈ em space	`\hskip{distance}`	space, width = distance
`\medspace`	⁴∕₁₈ em space	`\hspace{distance}`	space, width = distance
`\;`	⁵∕₁₈ em space	`\hspace*{distance}`	space, width = distance
`\thickspace`	⁵∕₁₈ em space	`\phantom{content}`	space the width and height of content
`\enspace`	½ em space	`\hphantom{content}`	space the width of content
`\quad`	1 em space	`\vphantom{content}`	a strut the height of content
`\qquad`	2 em space	`\!`	– ³∕₁₈ em space
`~`	non-breaking space	`\negthinspace`	– ³∕₁₈ em space
`\<space>`	space	`\negmedspace`	– ⁴∕₁₈ em space
`\nobreakspace`	non-breaking space	`\negthickspace`	– ⁵∕₁₈ em space
`\space`	space

Notes:

distance will accept any of the Temml units.

\kern, \mkern, \mskip, and \hskip accept unbraced distances, as in: \kern1em.

\mkern and \mskip will not work in text mode and both will write a console warning for any unit except mu.

\rule{}{distance} is valuable as a vertical strut.

Logic and Set Theory

$\forall$ `\forall`	$∁$ `\complement`	$∴$ `\therefore`	$\emptyset$ `\emptyset`
$\exists$ `\exists`	$\subset$ `\subset`	$∵$ `\because`	$⌀$ `\varnothing`
$∄$ `\nexists`	$\supset$ `\supset`	$\mapsto$ `\mapsto`	$⟹$ `\implies`
$\in$ `\in`	$\|$ `\mid`	$\to$ `\to`	$⟸$ `\impliedby`
$∋$ `\ni`	$\land$ `\land`	$\leftarrow$ `\gets`	$⟺$ `\iff`
$\notin$ `\notin`	$\lor$ `\lor`	$∎$ `\QED`	$↯$ `\lightning`
$∌$ `\notni`	$\neg$ `\neg` or `\lnot`	${x \| x < \frac{1}{2}}$ `\Set{ x \| x<\frac 1 2 }`	${x \| x < 5}$ `\set{x\|x<5}`
$⥽$ `\strictif`	$⥼$ `\strictfi`	${x \| x < \frac{1}{2}}$ `\Set{ x \| x<\frac 1 2 }`	${x \| x < 5}$ `\set{x\|x<5}`

Linear Logic (from the cmll package):

Operators	$!$ `\oc`	$?$ `\wn`	$&$ `\with`	$⅋$ `\parr`
Operators	$↓$ `\shpos`	$↑$ `\shneg`	$↕$ `\shift`	$⅋$ `\invamp`
Relations	$⌢ ⌣$ `\coh`	$⌢$ `\scoh`	$⫫$ `\Perp`	$⧟$ `\multimapboth`
Relations	$⌣ ⌢$ `\incoh`	$⌣$ `\sincoh`		$⟜$ `\multimapinv`

Equivalents in the texvc extension

$\exists$ \exist $\in$ \isin $\emptyset$ \empty $\subset$ \sub

Direct Input: ∀ ∴ ∁ ∵ ∃ ∣ ∈ ∉ ∋ ⊂ ⊃ ∧ ∨ ↦ → ← ↔ ∅ ⟹ ⟺ ¬ ↯ ⥼ ⥽
ℂ ℍ ℕ ℙ ℚ ℝ

Macros

\def \def\macroname<arg list>{definition to be expanded}

$a^{2} b^{3} + c^{2} d^{3}$ \def\foo#1#2{#1^2 #2^3} \foo a b + \foo c d

\xdef \xdef\macroname#1#2…{definition to be expanded}

\edef \edef\macroname#1#2…{definition}

\let \let\foo=\bar

\futurelet \futurelet\foo\bar x

\global\def \global\def\macroname#1#2…{definition}

\newcommand \newcommand\macroname[numargs]{definition}

$a^{2} b^{3} + c^{2} d^{3}$ \newcommand\foo[2]{#1^2 #2^3} \foo a b + \foo c d

\renewcommand \renewcommand\macroname[numargs]{definition}

\providecommand \providecommand\macroname[numargs]{definition}

To create macros with document-wide scope, use \gdef, \global\let, or define a preamble in one of the Temml rendering options. (Global macros may be disabled for security reasons.)

Macros accept up to nine arguments: #1, #2, etc.

Available functions include:
\char \mathchoice \TextOrMath \@ifstar \@ifnextchar \@firstoftwo \@secondoftwo \relax \expandafter \noexpand

@ is a valid character for commands, as if \makeatletter were in effect.

Temml has no \par, so \long is ignored.

Operators

Big Operators

$\sum$ `\sum`	$\prod$ `\prod`	$⨂$ `\bigotimes`	$⋁$ `\bigvee`
$\int$ `\int`	$∐$ `\coprod`	$⨁$ `\bigoplus`	$⋀$ `\bigwedge`
$\iint$ `\iint`	$\int$ `\intop`	$⨀$ `\bigodot`	$⋂$ `\bigcap`
$∭$ `\iiint`	$\int$ `\smallint`	$⨄$ `\biguplus`	$⋃$ `\bigcup`
$⨌$ `\iiiint`	$⨙$ `\intcap`	$⨚$ `\intcup`	$⨆$ `\bigsqcup`
$\oint$ `\oint`	$∲$ `\varointclockwise`	$∱$ `\intclockwise`	$⨅$ `\bigsqcap`
$∯$ `\oiint`	$⨕$ `\pointint`	$⨒$ `\rppolint`	$⨓$ `\scpolint`
$∰$ `\oiiint`	$⨗$ `\intlarhk`	$⨖$ `\sqint`	$⨘$ `\intx`
$⨍$ `\intbar`	$⨎$ `\intBar`	$⨏$ `\fint`	$⨉$ `\bigtimes`

${}_{a}^{b}\sum_{c}^{d}$ \sideset{_a^b}{_c^d}\sum

Direct Input: ∫ ∬ ∭ ⨌ ∮ ∯ ∰ ⨖ ∲ ∏ ∐ ∑ ⋀ ⋁ ⋂ ⋃ ⨀ ⨁ ⨂ ⨄ ⨆ ⨅

Binary Operators

$+$ `+`	$⩍$ `\closedvarcap`	$⊲$ `\lhd`	$⫽$ `\sslash`
$-$ `-`	$⩌$ `\closedvarcup`	$⋉$ `\ltimes`	$⫶$ `\threedotcolon`
$/$ `/`	$⋓$ `\Cup` or `\doublecup`	$⨪$ `\minusdot`	$\times$ `\times`
$$ ``	$\cup$ `\cup`	$⨫$ `\minusfdots`	$⩋$ `\twocaps`
$⨿$ `\amalg`	$⩆$ `\cupovercap`	$⨬$ `\minusrdots`	$⩊$ `\twocups`
$&$ `\And` or `\with`	$⋎$ `\curlyvee`	$x \mod a$ `x\mod a`	$⦂$ `\typecolon`
$*$ `\ast`	$⋏$ `\curlywedge`	$\mp$ `\mp`	$⊴$ `\unlhd`
$⩃$ `\barcap`	$\div$ `\div`	$⅋$ `\parr` or `\upand`	$⊵$ `\unrhd`
$⩂$ `\barcup`	$⋇$ `\divideontimes`	$\pm$ `\pm`	$⊎$ `\uplus`
$⊽$ `\barvee` or `\Nor`	$∸$ `\dotminus`	$x (\mod a)$ `x \pmod a`	$⩔$ `\Vee`
$⊼$ `\barwedge` or `\Nand`	$∔$ `\dotplus`	$x (a)$ `x \pod a`	$\lor$ `\vee` or `\lor`
$mod$ `\bmod`	$⩢$ `\doublebarvee`	$⊳$ `\rhd`	$⊻$ `\veebar` or `\Xor`
$⋈$ `\bowtie` or `\Join`	$⩞$ `\doublebarwedge`	$⟖$ `\rightouterjoin`	$⟇$ `\veedot`
$∙$ `\bullet`	$⟗$ `\fullouterjoin`	$⋌$ `\rightthreetimes`	$⩣$ `\veedoublebar`
$⋒$ `\Cap` or `\doublecap`	$⋗$ `\gtrdot`	$⋊$ `\rtimes`	$⩖$ `\veeonvee`
$\cap$ `\cap`	$⊺$ `\intercal`	$∖$ `\setminus`	$⩓$ `\Wedge`
$⩈$ `\capbarcup`	$⫴$ `\interleave`	$⧢$ `\shuffle`	$\land$ `\wedge` or `\land`
$⩀$ `\capdot`	$∾$ `\invlazys`	$∖$ `\smallsetminus`	$⩟$ `\wedgebar`
$⩇$ `\capovercup`	$⋋$ `\leftthreetimes`	$⨳$ `\smashtimes`	$⟑$ `\wedgedot`
$\cdot$ `\cdot`	$⟕$ `\leftouterjoin`	$⊓$ `\sqcap`	$⩠$ `\wedgedoublebar`
$\cdot$ `\cdotp`	$⊨$ `\leftmodels`	$⩎$ `\Sqcap`	$⩕$ `\wedgeonwedge`
`\centerdot`	$.$ `\ldotp`	$⊔$ `\sqcup`	$≀$ `\wr`
$\circ$ `\circ`	$⋖$ `\lessdot`	$⩏$ `\Sqcup`

The texvc extension provides $\pm$ \plusmn.

Direct Input: + - / ∖ * ⋅ ∘ ± × ÷ ∓ ∔ ∧ ∨ ∩ ∪ ≀ ⊎ ⊓ ⊔ ⋈ ⟕ ⟖ ⟗

Geometric Binary Operators

$◯$ `\bigcirc`	$⦶$ `\circledvert`	$⊖$ `\ominus`
$⧗$ `\blackhourglass`	$⦵$ `\circlehbar`	$⦹$ `\operp`
$⧆$ `\boxast`	$⟡$ `\concavediamond`	$\oplus︎$ `\oplus`
$⧈$ `\boxbox`	$⟢$ `\concavediamondtickleft`	$⊘$ `\oslash`
$⧇$ `\boxcircle`	$⟣$ `\concavediamondtickright`	$\otimes$ `\otimes`
$⊡$ `\boxdot`	$⋄$ `\diamond`	$⨷$ `\Otimes`
$⊟$ `\boxminus`	$⧖$ `\hourglass`	$⨶$ `\otimeshat`
$⊞$ `\boxplus`	$⟠$ `\lozengeminus`	$⋆$ `\star`
$⊠$ `\boxtimes`	$⌽$ `\obar`	$△$ `\triangle`
$⊛$ `\circledast`	$⦸$ `\obslash`	$⨺$ `\triangleminus`
$⊚$ `\circledcirc`	$⨸$ `\odiv`	$⨹$ `\triangleplus`
$⊝$ `\circleddash`	$⊙$ `\odot`	$⨻$ `\triangletimes`
$⊜$ `\circledequal`	$⧁$ `\ogreaterthan`	$⟤$ `\whitesquaretickleft`
$⦷$ `\circledparallel`	$⧀$ `\olessthan`	$⟥$ `\whitesquaretickright`

Direct Input: ◯ ⧗ ⧆ ⧈ ⧇ ⊡ ⊟ ⊞ ⊠ ⊛ ⊚ ⊖ ⊜ ⦷ ⦶ ⦵ ⟡ ⟢ ⟣ ⋄ ⧖ ⟠ ⌽ ⦸ ⨸ ⊙ ⧁ ⧀ ⊝ ⦹ ⊕ ⊘ ⊗ ⨷ ⨶ ⋆ △ ⨺ ⨻ ⟤ ⟥

Fractions and Binomials

$\frac{a}{b}$ `\frac{a}{b}`	$\frac{a}{b}$ `\tfrac{a}{b}`	$(\frac{a}{a + 1}]$ `\genfrac ( ] {2pt}{1}a{a+1}`
$\frac{a}{b}$ `{a \over b}`	$\frac{a}{b}$ `\dfrac{a}{b}`	$\frac{a}{b + 1}$ `{a \above{2pt} b+1}`
$a / b$ `a/b`		$\frac{a}{1 + \frac{1}{b}}$ `\cfrac{a}{1 + \cfrac{1}{b}}`

$(\binom{n}{k})$ `\binom{n}{k}`	$(\binom{n}{k})$ `\dbinom{n}{k}`	${\binom{n}{k}}$ `{n\brace k}`
$(\binom{n}{k})$ `{n \choose k}`	$(\binom{n}{k})$ `\tbinom{n}{k}`	$[\binom{n}{k}]$ `{n\brack k}`

Math Operators

$f$ `\operatorname{f}`	$cosec$ `\cosec`	$\dim$ `\dim`	$\frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial x \partial y} f$ `\pdv*{f}{x,y}`
$\arcsin$ `\arcsin`	$\cosh$ `\cosh`	$\exp$ `\exp`	$\sec$ `\sec`
$\arccos$ `\arccos`	$\cot$ `\cot`	$hom$ `\hom`	$sgn$ `\sgn`
$\arctan$ `\arctan`	$cotg$ `\cotg`	$\ker$ `\ker`	$\sin$ `\sin`
$arctg$ `\arctg`	$\coth$ `\coth`	$\lg$ `\lg`	$\sinh$ `\sinh`
$arcctg$ `\arcctg`	$\csc$ `\csc`	$\ln$ `\ln`	$sh$ `\sh`
$\arg$ `\arg`	$ctg$ `\ctg`	$\log$ `\log`	$\tan$ `\tan`
$ch$ `\ch`	$cth$ `\cth`	$\frac{d f}{d x}$ `\odv{f}{x}`	$\tanh$ `\tanh`
$\cos$ `\cos`	$\nabla$ `\nabla`	$\frac{d}{d x} f$ `\odv*{f}{x}`	$tg$ `\tg`
$\partial$ `\partial`	$\deg$ `\deg`	$\frac{\partial^{2} f}{\partial x \partial y}$ `\pdv{f}{x,y}	$th$ `\th`
$f$ `\operatorname*{f}` or \operatornamewithlimits	$\inf$ `\inf`	$\max$ `\max`	$\sup$ `\sup`
$arg max$ `\argmax`	$inj lim$ `\injlim`	$\min$ `\min`	$\lim_{\to}$ `\varinjlim`
$arg min$ `\argmin`	$\lim$ `\lim`	$plim$ `\plim`	$\lim$ `\varliminf`
$\det$ `\det`	$lim inf$ `\liminf`	$\Pr$ `\Pr`	$\lim$ `\varlimsup`
$\gcd$ `\gcd`	$lim sup$ `\limsup`	$proj lim$ `\projlim`	$\lim_{\leftarrow}$ `\varprojlim`

Functions in the bottom five rows of this table can take \limits.

Enclosing Operators

$\sqrt{x}$ `\sqrt{x}`	$a_{n}$ `a_{\angl n}`
$\sqrt[3]{x}$ `\sqrt[3]{x}`	$a_{n}$ `a_\angln`

Physics and Chemistry

$⟨ ϕ \|$ `\bra{\phi}`	${}_{a}^{2}𝐂_{2}^{5 +}$ `\prescript{a}{2}{\mathbf{C}}^{5+}_{2}`
$\| ψ ⟩$ `\ket{\psi}`	$⟨ ϕ \| ψ ⟩$ `\braket{\phi\vert\psi}`
$⟨ ϕ \|$ `\Bra{\phi}`	$⟨ ϕ \| \frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial t^{2}} \| ψ ⟩$ `\Braket{ \phi \| \frac{\partial^2}{\partial t^2} \| \psi }`
$\| ψ ⟩$ `\Ket{\psi}`

From the mhchem extension:

$SO_{4}^{2 -} + Ba^{2 +} \overset{}{\to} BaSO_{4} ↓$	`\ce{SO4^2- + Ba^2+ -> BaSO4 v}`
$75.3 \frac{J}{mol K}$	`\pu{75.3 J // mol K}`

There is much more mhchem information in the mhchem docs.

Click to see the physics extension.

$\| x \|$ `\abs{x}`	$⟨ a \| b ⟩$ `\innerproduct{a}{b}`	$if$ `\qif`
$\| x \|$ `\absolutevalue{x}`	$\| a ⟩ ⟨ b \|$ `\ketbra{a}{b}`	$in$ `\qin`
${A, B}$ `\acomm{A}{B}`	$\nabla^{2}$ `\laplacian`	$integer$ `\qinteger`
${A, B}$ `\anticommutator{A}{B}`	$⟨ n \| A \| m ⟩$ `\matrixel{n}{A}{m}`	$let$ `\qlet`
${5 mm}$ `\Bqty{5 \text{mm}}`	$⟨ n \| A \| m ⟩$ `\matrixelement{n}{A}{m}`	$odd$ `\qodd`
$[5 mm]$ `\bqty{5 \text{mm}}`	$⟨ n \| A \| m ⟩$ `\mel{n}{A}{m}`	$or$ `\qor`
$[A, B]$ `\comm{A}{B}`	$‖ x ‖$ `\norm{x}`	$otherwise$ `\qotherwise`
$[A, B]$ `\commutator{A}{B}`	$\| a ⟩ ⟨ b \|$ `\op{a}{b}`	$text$ `\qq{text}`
$\times$ `\cp`	$𝒪 (x^{2})$ `\order{x^2}`	$text$ `\qqtext{text}`
$\times$ `\cross`	$\| a ⟩ ⟨ b \|$ `\outerproduct{a}{b}`	$since$ `\qsince`
$\times$ `\crossproduct`	$\frac{\partial x}{\partial y}$ `\partialderivative{x}{y}`	$then$ `\qthen`
$\nabla \times$ `\curl`	${x, y}$ `\pb{x}{y}`	${5 m}$ `\qty{5 \text{m}}`
$d$ `\dd`		${5 m}$ `\quantity{5 \text{m}}`
$\frac{d x}{d y}$ `\derivative{x}{y}`	${A, B}$ `\poissonbracket{A}{B}`	$unless$ `\qunless`
$d$ `\differential`	$(5)$ `\pqty{5}`	$using$ `\qusing`
$\nabla \cdot$ `\divergence`	$𝒫$ `\principalvalue`	$rank M$ `\rank M`
$\cdot$ `\dotproduct`	$𝒫$ `\pv`	$Res [f (z)]$ `\Res\[f(z)\]`
$\frac{d x}{d y}$ `\dv{x}{y}`	$P.V. (x)$ `\PV(x)`	$Tr ρ$ `\Tr\rho`
$\| a ⟩ ⟨ b \|$ `\dyad{a}{b}`	$all$ `\qall`	$tr ρ$ `\tr\rho`
$\erf (x)$ `\erf(x)`	$and$ `\qand`	$\vec{𝒂}$ `\va{a}`
$⟨ x ⟩$ `\ev{x}`	$as$ `\qas`	$δ$ `\var`
${\frac{1}{2} x \|}_{0}^{n}$ `\eval{\tfrac 1 2 x}_0^n`	$assume$ `\qassume`	$δ$ `\variation`
${\frac{1}{2} x \|}_{0}^{n}$ `\evaluated{\tfrac 1 2 x}_0^n`	$,$ `\qc`	$𝒂$ `\vb{a}`
$⟨ x ⟩$ `\expectationvalue{x}`	$c.c.$ `\qcc`	$\cdot$ `\vdot`
$⟨ x ⟩$ `\expval{x}`	$,$ `\qcomma`	$\vec{𝒂}$ `\vectorarrow{a}`
$\frac{δ x}{δ y}$ `\fdv{x}{y}`	$else$ `\qelse`	$𝒂$ `\vectorbold{a}`
$\frac{δ x}{δ y}$ `\functionalderivative{x}{y}`	$even$ `\qeven`	$\hat{𝒂}$ `\vectorunit{a}`
$\nabla$ `\grad`	$for$ `\qfor`	$\| x \|$ `\vqty{x}`
$\nabla$ `\gradient`	$given$ `\qgiven`	$\hat{𝒂}$ `\vu{a}`

Relations

$\overset{!}{=}$ \stackrel{!}{=}

$=$ `=`	$≖$ `\eqcirc`	$≶$ `\lessgtr`	$⌣$ `\smile`
$<$ `<`	$∹$ `\eqcolon` or `\minuscolon`	$≲$ `\lesssim`	$⊏$ `\sqsubset`
$>$ `>`	$-∷$ `\Eqcolon` or `\minuscoloncolon`	$≪$ `\ll`	$⊑$ `\sqsubseteq`
$:$ `:`	$≕$ `\eqqcolon`	$⋘$ `\lll`	$⊐$ `\sqsupset`
$: =$ `:=`	$=∷$ `\Eqqcolon`	$⋘$ `\llless`	$⊒$ `\sqsupseteq`
$\approx$ `\approx`	$≝$ `\eqdef`	$<$ `\lt`	$≛$ `\stareq`
$≊$ `\approxeq`	$≂$ `\eqsim`	$≞$ `\measeq`	$⋐$ `\Subset`
$≘$ `\arceq`	$⪖$ `\eqslantgtr`	$\|$ `\mid`	$\subset$ `\subset`
$≍$ `\asymp`	$⪕$ `\eqslantless`	$⊨$ `\models`	$\subseteq$ `\subseteq`
$≌$ `\backcong`	$\equiv$ `\equiv`	$⊸$ `\multimap`	$⫅$ `\subseteqq`
$∍$ `\backepsilon`	$≒$ `\fallingdotseq`	$⧟$ `\multimapboth`	$≻$ `\succ`
$∽$ `\backsim`	$⌢$ `\frown`	$⟜$ `\multimapinv`	$⪸$ `\succapprox`
$⋍$ `\backsimeq`	$\geq$ `\ge`	$⊶$ `\origof`	$≽$ `\succcurlyeq`
$≬$ `\between`	$\geq$ `\geq`	$∋$ `\owns`	$⪰$ `\succeq`
$≏$ `\bumpeq`	$≧$ `\geqq`	$∥$ `\parallel`	$≿$ `\succsim`
$≎$ `\Bumpeq`	$⩾$ `\geqslant`	$⟂$ `\perp`	$⋑$ `\Supset`
$≗$ `\circeq`	$≫$ `\gg`	$⫫$ `\Perp`	$\supset$ `\supset`
$⌢ ⌣$ `\coh`	$⋙$ `\ggg`	$⋔$ `\pitchfork`	$\supseteq$ `\supseteq`
$: \approx$ `\colonapprox`	$⋙$ `\gggtr`	$≺$ `\prec`	$⫆$ `\supseteqq`
$∷\approx$ `\Colonapprox` or `\coloncolonapprox`	$>$ `\gt`	$⪷$ `\precapprox`	$\approx$ `\thickapprox`
$: -$ `\coloneq` or `\colonminus`	$⪆$ `\gtrapprox`	$≼$ `\preccurlyeq`	$\sim$ `\thicksim`
$∷-$ `\Coloneq` or `\coloncolonminus`	$⋛$ `\gtreqless`	$⪯$ `\preceq`	$⊴$ `\trianglelefteq`
$≔$ `\coloneqq` or `\colonequals`	$⪌$ `\gtreqqless`	$≾$ `\precsim`	$≜$ `\triangleq`
$⩴$ `\Coloneqq` or `\coloncolonequals`	$≷$ `\gtrless`	$\propto$ `\propto`	$⊵$ `\trianglerighteq`
$: \sim$ `\colonsim`	$≳$ `\gtrsim`	$≟$ `\questeq`	$\propto$ `\varpropto`
$: \sim$ `\Colonsim` or `\coloncolonsim`	$⊷$ `\imageof`	:`\ratio` or `\vcentcolon`	$△$ `\vartriangle`
$≅$ `\cong`	$\in$ `\in` or `\isin`	$≓$ `\risingdotseq`	$⊲$ `\vartriangleleft`
$⋞$ `\curlyeqprec`	$⌣ ⌢$ `\incoh`	$⌢$ `\scoh`	$⊳$ `\vartriangleright`
$⋟$ `\curlyeqsucc`	$\leq$ `\le`	$∣$ `\shortmid`	$⊢$ `\vdash`
$⊣$ `\dashv`	$\leq$ `\leq`	$∥$ `\shortparallel`	$⊨$ `\vDash`
$∷$ `\dblcolon` or `\coloncolon`	$≦$ `\leqq`	$\sim$ `\sim`	$⊩$ `\Vdash`
$≐$ `\doteq`	$⩽$ `\leqslant`	$≃$ `\simeq`	$⊫$ `VDash`
$≑$ `\Doteq`	$⪅$ `\lessapprox`	$⌣$ `\sincoh`	$⊪$ `\Vvdash`
$≑$ `\doteqdot`	$⋚$ `\lesseqgtr`	$⌢$ `\smallfrown`	$≚$ `\veeeq`
$⩵$ `\eqeq`	$⪋$ `\lesseqqgtr`	$⌣$ `\smallsmile`	$≙$ `\wedgeq`

The texvc extension provides $\subset$ \sub, $\subseteq$ \sube, and $\supseteq$ \supe.

Direct Input: = < > : ∈ ∋ ∝ ∼ ∽ ≂ ≃ ≅ ≈ ≊ ≍ ≎ ≏ ≐ ≑ ≒ ≓ ⩵ ≖ ≗ ≜ ≡ ≤ ≥ ≦ ≧ ≫ ≬ ≳ ≷ ≺ ≻ ≼ ≽ ≾ ≿ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇ ⊏ ⊐ ⊑ ⊒ ⊢ ⊣ ⊩ ⊪ ⊸ ⋍ ⋐ ⋑ ⋔ ⋙ ⋛ ⋞ ⋟ ⌢ ⌣ ⩾ ⪆ ⪌ ⪕ ⪖ ⪯ ⪰ ⪷ ⪸ ⫅ ⫆ ≲ ⩽ ⪅ ≶ ⋚ ⪋ ⟂ ⊨ ≔ ≕ ⩴ ⊷ ⊶

Negated Relations

$≠$ \not =

$⪊$ `\gnapprox`	$≱$ `\ngeqslant`	$⊄$ `\nsubset`	$⊮$ `\nVdash`
$⪈$ `\gneq`	$≯$ `\ngtr`	$⊈$ `\nsubseteq`	$⪹$ `\precnapprox`
$≩$ `\gneqq`	$≰$ `\nleq`	$⊈$ `\nsubseteqq`	$⪵$ `\precneqq`
$⋧$ `\gnsim`	$≰$ `\nleqq`	$⊁$ `\nsucc`	$⋨$ `\precnsim`
$≩︀$ `\gvertneqq`	$≰$ `\nleqslant`	$⋡$ `\nsucceq`	$⊊$ `\subsetneq`
$⪉$ `\lnapprox`	$≮$ `\nless`	$⊅$ `\nsupset`	$⫋$ `\subsetneqq`
$⪇$ `\lneq`	$∤$ `\nmid`	$⊉$ `\nsupseteq`	$⪺$ `\succnapprox`
$≨$ `\lneqq`	$\notin$ `\notin`	$⊉$ `\nsupseteqq`	$⪶$ `\succneqq`
$⋦$ `\lnsim`	$∌$ `\notni`	$⋪$ `\ntriangleleft`	$⋩$ `\succnsim`
$≨︀$ `\lvertneqq`	$∦$ `\nparallel`	$⋬$ `\ntrianglelefteq`	$⊋$ `\supsetneq`
$≆$ `\ncong`	$⊀$ `\nprec`	$⋫$ `\ntriangleright`	$⫌$ `\supsetneqq`
$\neq$ `\ne`	$⋠$ `\npreceq`	$⋭$ `\ntrianglerighteq`	$⊊︀$ `\varsubsetneq`
$\neq$ `\neq`	$∤$ `\nshortmid`	$⊬$ `\nvdash`	$⫋︀$ `\varsubsetneqq`
$≱$ `\ngeq`	$∦$ `\nshortparallel`	$⊭$ `\nvDash`	$⊋$ `\varsupsetneq`
$≱$ `\ngeqq`	$≁$ `\nsim`	$⊯$ `\nVDash`	$⫌︀$ `\varsupsetneqq`

Direct Input: ∉ ∌ ∤ ∦ ≁ ≆ ≠ ≨ ≩ ≮ ≯ ≰ ≱ ⊀ ⊁ ⊄ ⊅ ⊈ ⊉ ⊊ ⊋ ⊬ ⊭ ⊮ ⊯ ⋠ ⋡ ⋦ ⋧ ⋨ ⋩ ⋬ ⋭ ⪇ ⪈ ⪉ ⪊ ⪵ ⪶ ⪹ ⪺ ⫋ ⫌

Arrows

$↺$ `\circlearrowleft`	$\Leftrightarrow$ `\Leftrightarrow`	$↾$ `\restriction`
$↻$ `\circlearrowright`	$⇆$ `\leftrightarrows`	$\to$ `\rightarrow`
$↶$ `\curvearrowleft`	$⇋$ `\leftrightharpoons`	$\Rightarrow$ `\Rightarrow`
$↷$ `\curvearrowright`	$↭$ `\leftrightsquigarrow`	$↣$ `\rightarrowtail`
$⇠$ `\dashleftarrow`	$⇚$ `\Lleftarrow`	$⇁$ `\rightharpoondown`
$⇢$ `\dashrightarrow`	$⟵$ `\longleftarrow`	$⇀$ `\rightharpoonup`
$↓$ `\downarrow`	$⟸$ `\Longleftarrow`	$⇄$ `\rightleftarrows`
$⇓$ `\Downarrow`	$⟷$ `\longleftrightarrow`	$⇌$ `\rightleftharpoons`
$⇊$ `\downdownarrows`	$⟺$ `\Longleftrightarrow`	$⇉$ `\rightrightarrows`
$⇃$ `\downharpoonleft`	$⟼$ `\longmapsto`	$⇝$ `\rightsquigarrow`
$⇂$ `\downharpoonright`	$⟶$ `\longrightarrow`	$⇛$ `\Rrightarrow`
$\leftarrow$ `\gets`	$⟹$ `\Longrightarrow`	$↱$ `\Rsh`
$↩$ `\hookleftarrow`	$↫$ `\looparrowleft`	$↘$ `\searrow`
$↪$ `\hookrightarrow`	$↬$ `\looparrowright`	$↙$ `\swarrow`
$⟺$ `\iff`	$↰$ `\Lsh`	$\to$ `\to`
$⟸$ `\impliedby`	$↤$ `\mapsfrom`	$↞$ `\twoheadleftarrow`
$⟹$ `\implies`	$\mapsto$ `\mapsto`	$↠$ `\twoheadrightarrow`
$⇝$ `\leadsto`	$↗$ `\nearrow`	$↑$ `\uparrow`
$\leftarrow$ `\leftarrow`	$↚$ `\nleftarrow`	$⇑$ `\Uparrow`
$\Leftarrow$ `\Leftarrow`	$⇍$ `\nLeftarrow`	$↕$ `\updownarrow`
$↢$ `\leftarrowtail`	$↮$ `\nleftrightarrow`	$⇕$ `\Updownarrow`
$↽$ `\leftharpoondown`	$⇎$ `\nLeftrightarrow`	$↿$ `\upharpoonleft`
$↼$ `\leftharpoonup`	$↛$ `\nrightarrow`	$↾$ `\upharpoonright`
$⇇$ `\leftleftarrows`	$⇏$ `\nRightarrow`	$⇈$ `\upuparrows`
$\leftrightarrow$ `\leftrightarrow`	$↖$ `\nwarrow`

Arrows in the texvc extension

$⇓$ `\Darr`	$\Leftrightarrow$ `\Harr`	$\Leftarrow$ `\Larr`	$\Leftrightarrow$ `\Lrarr`	$\Rightarrow$ `\Rarr`	$⇑$ `\Uarr`
$⇓$ `\dArr`	$\Leftrightarrow$ `\hArr`	$\Leftarrow$ `\lArr`	$\Leftrightarrow$ `\lrArr`	$\Rightarrow$ `\rArr`	$⇑$ `\uArr`
$↓$ `\darr`	$\leftrightarrow$ `\harr`	$\leftarrow$ `\larr`	$\leftrightarrow$ `\lrarr`	$\to$ `\rarr`	$↑$ `\uarr`

Direct Input: ← ↑ → ↓ ↔ ↕ ↖︎ ↗︎ ↘︎ ↙︎ ↚ ↛ ↞ ↠ ↢ ↣ ↦ ↩︎ ↪︎ ↫ ↬ ↭ ↮ ↰ ↱↶ ↷ ↺ ↻ ↼ ↽ ↾ ↾ ↿ ⇀ ⇁ ⇂ ⇃ ⇄ ⇆ ⇇ ⇈ ⇉ ⇊ ⇋ ⇌⇍ ⇎ ⇏ ⇐ ⇑ ⇒ ⇓ ⇔ ⇕ ⇚ ⇛ ⇝ ⇠ ⇢ ⟵ ⟶ ⟷ ⟸ ⟹ ⟺ ⟼ ↽

Extensible Arrows

$\overset{\overset{}{a b c}}{\leftarrow}$ `\xleftarrow{abc}`	$\to_{\underset{}{u n d e r}}^{\overset{}{o v e r}}$ `\xrightarrow[under]{over}`
$\overset{\overset{}{a b c}}{\Leftarrow}$ `\xLeftarrow{abc}`	$\overset{\overset{}{a b c}}{\Rightarrow}$ `\xRightarrow{abc}`
$\overset{\overset{}{a b c}}{\leftrightarrow}$ `\xleftrightarrow{abc}`	$\overset{\overset{}{a b c}}{\Leftrightarrow}$ `\xLeftrightarrow{abc}`
$\overset{\overset{}{a b c}}{↩}$ `\xhookleftarrow{abc}`	$\overset{\overset{}{a b c}}{↪}$ `\xhookrightarrow{abc}`
$\overset{\overset{}{a b c}}{↞}$ `\xtwoheadleftarrow{abc}`	$\overset{\overset{}{a b c}}{↠}$ `\xtwoheadrightarrow{abc}`
$\overset{\overset{}{a b c}}{↼}$ `\xleftharpoonup{abc}`	$\overset{\overset{}{a b c}}{⇀}$ `\xrightharpoonup{abc}`
$\overset{\overset{}{a b c}}{↽}$ `\xleftharpoondown{abc}`	$\overset{\overset{}{a b c}}{⇁}$ `\xrightharpoondown{abc}`
$\overset{\overset{}{a b c}}{↼} \overset{\overset{}{}}{⇁}$ `\xleftrightharpoons{abc}`	$\overset{\overset{}{a b c}}{⇀} \overset{\overset{}{}}{↽}$ `\xrightleftharpoons{abc}`
$\overset{\overset{}{a b c}}{\to} \overset{\overset{}{}}{\leftarrow}$ `\xtofrom{abc}`	$\overset{\overset{}{a b c}}{\mapsto}$ `\xmapsto{abc}`
$\overset{\overset{}{a b c}}{=}$ `\xlongequal{abc}`

All extensible arrows can take an optional argument in the same manner as \xrightarrow[under]{over}.

Style, Size, and Font

Class Assignment

Override the usual spacing and semantic meaning of a character or fragment.

$a = b$ a = b
$a = b$ a \mathord{=} b
$a = b$ a \mathopen{=} b
$a = b$ a \mathclose{=} b $a | b$ a | b
$a | b$ a \mathpunct{|} b
$a | b$ a \mathop{|} b
$a | b$ a \mathbin{|} b
$a | b$ a \mathrel{|} b

Font

$Ab0$ `\mathrm{Ab0}`	$𝐀 𝐛 𝟎 𝛉$ `\mathbf{Ab0θ}`	$A b 0 θ$ `\mathit{Ab0θ}`
$A b 0$ `\mathnormal{Ab0}`	$𝐀𝐛𝟎𝛉$ `\textbf{Ab0θ}`	$𝐴 𝑏 0 𝜃$ `\textit{Ab0θ}`
$Ab0θ$ `\textrm{Ab0θ}`	$𝐀 𝐛 𝟎 𝛉$ `{\bf Ab0θ}`	$A b 0 θ$ `{\it Ab0θ}`
$Ab0$ `{\rm Ab0}`	$𝐀 𝐛 𝟎 𝛉$ `\bold{Ab0θ}`	$Ab0θ$ `\textup{Ab0θ}`
$Ab0θ$ `\textnormal{Ab0θ}`	$𝑨 𝒃 0 𝜽$ `\boldsymbol{Ab0θ}`	$𝔸 𝕓 𝟘$ `\Bbb{Ab0}`
$Ab0θ$ `\text{Ab0θ}`	$𝑨 𝒃 0 𝜽$ `\bm{Ab0θ}`	$𝔸 𝕓 𝟘$ `\mathbb{Ab0}`
$𝖠 𝖻 𝟢$ `\mathsf{Ab0}`	$Ab0θ$ `\textmd{Ab0θ}`	$𝔄 𝔟$ `\frak{Ab}`
$𝖠𝖻𝟢$ `\textsf{Ab0}`	$𝙰 𝚋 𝟶$ `\mathtt{Ab0}`	$𝔄 𝔟$ `\mathfrak{Ab}`
$𝖠 𝖻 𝟢$ `{\sf Ab0}`	$𝙰𝚋𝟶$ `\texttt{Ab0}`	$𝒜 ℬ$ `\mathcal{AB}`
$ʜᴇʏ$ `\textsc{hey}`	$𝙰 𝚋 𝟶$ `{\tt Ab0 }`	$𝒜 ℬ$ `{\cal AB}`
		$𝒜 ℬ$ `\mathscr{AB}`

The \textXX versions can stack font family, font weight, and font shape. So \textsf{\textbf{H}} will produce $𝗛$ . The other versions do not stack, e.g., \mathsf{\mathbf{H}} will produce $𝐇$ .

In cases where math fonts do not have a bold glyph, \pmb can simulate one. For example, \pmb{\vartheta} renders as : $ϑ$

Style

$\sum_{i = 1}^{n}$	`\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n`
$\sum_{i = 1}^{n}$	`\textstyle\sum_{i=1}^n`
$x$	`\scriptstyle x` (The size of a first sub/superscript)
$x$	`\scriptscriptstyle x` (The size of subsequent sub/superscripts)
$\lim_{y} x$	`\lim\limits_y x`
$\lim_{y} x$	`\lim\nolimits_y x`
$x^2$	`\verb!x^2!`
$ABcd A B c d$	`\text{ABcd $ABcd$}`

\text{…} shifts its contents into text mode, but you can shift back into math mode by nesting $…$ .

Symbols and Punctuation

`% comment`	$\dots$ `\dots`	$T E X$ `\TeX`
$%$ `\%`	$\dots$ `\cdots`	$L A T E X$ `\LaTeX`
$#$ `\#`	$⋱$ `\ddots`	$T E M M L$ `\Temml`
$&$ `\&`	$\dots$ `\ldots`	`\rule[6pt]{2ex}{1ex}`
$_$ `\_`	$⋮$ `\vdots`	$\sqrt{}$ `\surd`
$_$ `\text{\textunderscore}`	$⋰$ `\iddots`	$\infty$ `\infty`
$–$ `\text{--}`	$\dots$ `\dotsb`	$✓$ `\checkmark`
$–$ `\text{\textendash}`	$\dots$ `\dotsc`	$✗$ `\ballotx`
$—$ `\text{---}`	$\dots$ `\dotsi`	$†$ `\dagger` or `\dag`
$—$ `\text{\textemdash}`	$\dots$ `\dotsm`	$†$ `\text{\textdagger}`
$~$ `\text{\textasciitilde}`	$\dots$ `\dotso`	$‡$ `\ddagger` or `\ddag`
$^$ `\text{\textasciicircum}`	$\dots$ `\idotsin`	$‡$ `\text{\textdaggerdbl}`
$ $ `` ``	$\dots$ `\mathellipsis`	$∠$ `\angle`
$‘$ `text{\textquoteleft}`	$\dots$ `\text{\textellipsis}`	$∡$ `\measuredangle`
$‘$ `\lq`	$□$ `\Box`	$∢$ `\sphericalangle`
$’$ `\text{\textquoteright}`	$□$ `\square`	$⊤$ `\top`
$^{'}$ `\rq`	$■$ `\blacksquare`	$⊥$ `\bot`
$“$ `\text{\textquotedblleft}`	$▽$ `\triangledown`	$⫫$ `\Bot`
$"$ `"`	$◃$ `\triangleleft`	$$$ `\$` or `\text{\textdollar}`
$”$ `\text{\textquotedblright}`	$▹$ `\triangleright`	$¢$ `\cent`
$:$ `\colon`	$▽$ `\bigtriangledown`	$£$ `\pounds`
$‵$ `\backprime`	$△$ `\bigtriangleup`	$£$ `\mathsterling`
$'$ `\prime`	$▲$ `\blacktriangle`	$£$ `\text{\textsterling}`
$<$ `\text{\textless}`	$▼$ `\blacktriangledown`	$¥$ `\yen`
$>$ `\text{\textgreater}`	$◀$ `\blacktriangleleft`	$€$ `\euro`
$\|$ `\text{\textbar}`	$▶$ `\blacktriangleright`	$€$ `\text{\texteuro}`
$‖$ `\text{\textbardbl}`	$◊$ `\Diamond`	$°$ `\degree`
${$ `\text{\textbraceleft}`	$◊$ `\lozenge`	$°$ `\text{\textdegree}`
$}$ `\text{\textbraceright}`	$⧫$ `\blacklozenge`	$℧$ `\mho`
$\$ `\text{\textbackslash}`	$★$ `\bigstar`	$╲$ `\diagdown`
$␣$ `\text{\textvisiblespace}`	$✠$ `\maltese`	$╱$ `\diagup`
$¶$ `\text{\P}` or `\P`	$♣$ `\clubsuit`	$♧$ `\varclubsuit`
$§$ `\text{\S}` or `\S`	$♢$ `\diamondsuit`	$♦$ `\vardiamondsuit`
$©$ `\copyright`	$♡$ `\heartsuit`	$♥$ `\varheartsuit`
$®$ `\circledR`	$♠$ `\spadesuit`	$♤$ `\varspadesuit`
$Ⓢ$ `\circledS`	$♀$ `\female`	$♂$ `\male`
$®$ `\text{\textregistered}`	$☉$ `\astrosun`	$☼$ `\sun`
$•$ `\text{\textbullet}`	$☾$ `\leftmoon`	$☽$ `\rightmoon`
$☺$ `\smiley`	$\oplus$ `\Earth`	$♭$ `\flat`
$⦵$ `\standardstate`	$♮$ `\natural`	$♯$ `\sharp`
$‰$ `\permil`	$∎$ `\QED`	$↯$ `\lightning`
$⌀$ `\diameter`

Symbols in the texvc extension

$♣$ `\clubs`	$♡$ `\hearts`	$\cdot$ `\sdot`
$♢$ `\diamonds`	$♠$ `\spades`	$\infty$ `\infin`
$∙$ `\bull`	$§$ `\text{\sect}`	$‡$ `\Dagger`

Units

Unit	Value	Unit	Value
em	CSS em	bp	1/72 inch
ex	CSS ex	pc	12 pt
mu	1/18 em	dd	1238/1157 pt
pt	1/72.27 inch	cc	14856/1157 pt
mm	1 mm	nd	685/642 pt
cm	1 cm	nc	1370/107 pt
in	1 inch	sp	1/65536 pt

The effect of script level and font size:

Unit	textstyle normal size	scriptscript	huge
em or ex
mu
others

em and ex are affected by font size changes such as \Large, but they are not affected by script level, so they will not change size in a fraction numerator or an exponent.

mu is affected by both script level and font size.

The other units are absolute and are not affected by either script level or font size.

$⟨ ϕ \|$ `\bra{\phi}`	${}_{a}^{2}𝐂_{2}^{5 +}$ `\prescript{a}{2}{\mathbf{C}}^{5+}_{2}`
$\| ψ ⟩$ `\ket{\psi}`	$⟨ ϕ \| ψ ⟩$ `\braket{\phi\vert\psi}`
$⟨ ϕ \|$ `\Bra{\phi}`	$⟨ ϕ \| \frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial t^{2}} \| ψ ⟩$ `\Braket{ \phi \| \frac{\partial^2}{\partial t^2} \| \psi }`
$\| ψ ⟩$ `\Ket{\psi}`

$A B$ `\Huge AB`	$A B$ `\normalsize AB`
$A B$ `\huge AB`	$A B$ `\small AB`
$A B$ `\LARGE AB`	$A B$ `\footnotesize AB`
$A B$ `\Large AB`	$A B$ `\scriptsize AB`
$A B$ `\large AB`	$A B$ `\Tiny AB`
	$A B$ `\tiny AB`